Embarrassing Moments While Learning Spanish

Humiliating Moments While Learning Spanish Committing errors goes with the job of learning an unknown dialect. Most slip-ups are kind, however when you commit those errors in an alternate nation or culture, some of them can be out and out humiliating. A gathering that used to be a piece of this site highlighted a conversation on humiliating minutes in learning the language. Here are a couple of the reactions. Arbolito: While living in Madrid while getting my Masters certificate, I went to the mercado, explicitly to where they sold poultry. I considerately requested two pechos. I had discovered that pechos was the word for bosom. Much to my dismay that there was an alternate word for chicken bosoms, pechuga. So there I was, approaching the man for 2 human bosoms! What's more, I likewise utilized the word coger in Argentina, despite the fact that I have known everlastingly that it is a profanity there. However, in different spots, it is only a typical method to state to take. So I asked somebody where I could coger el autobã ºs! Apodemus: On a Spanish course in Salamanca I met a Belgian young lady. I solicited her, in Spanish obviously, regardless of whether she communicated in Dutch or French. Her reaction was: En la oficina, hablo holandã ©s, pero en la cama hablo francã ©s. Abruptly the entire room was taking a gander at her, she went splendid red and faltered En la casa, dije en la casa!! Rocer: In Chile, cabrito little youngster, however in Peru, cabrito gay (or is it the opposite way around?) A companion of mine from the U.S. was in Chile, and he took in the word cabrito. Individuals called him cabrito on the grounds that he was youthful. He loved the word cabrito, so he called himself cabrito. At that point he made a trip to Peru, and a few people asked him for what good reason he didnt get hitched with a Peruvian young lady, he said Es que yo soy muy cabrito (he needed to state indeed Im extremely youthful, and he wound up saying indeed Im gay). Individuals just took a gander at him extremely bizarre, and snickered at him. Later on, he came back to Chile, where individuals giggled like insane when he disclosed to them his story. Hermanito: Lo siguiente no me pasã ³ a mã ­ sino an una amiga mã ­a, quien apenas comenzaba an aprender espaã ±ol. Esta entro an una tiendita mexicana y le preguntã ³ al dueã ±o si tenã ­a huevos, sin saber el sentido alternativo de la palabra. (The word huevos, which means eggs, is likewise a slang term for balls.) El Tejano: In Mexico, women never request eggs - they generally state blancos. Glenda: I have three stories. The first is from a companion here in San Miguel, who in the wake of eating a delightful supper, needed to commend the cook. She stated, Compliments to the cocino. Cocino implies a fat pig. She ought to have said praises to the cocinero. At that point, there is this story, from our neighborhood paper. A modestly experienced horsewoman comes to Mexico and is taking riding exercises from a Mexican male instructor. He doesnt acknowledge how experienced she is, so he needs all her the pony roped. She is baffled however consents and keeps a rope on the pony all through her exercise. They are talking in Spanish about the following days exercise, making courses of action, and she completes the discussion by saying, Sã ­, est bien ... pero maã ±ana, sin ropa. Lastly, from my own understanding. A neighborhood server in an eatery we like is additionally a craftsman. My significant other and I saw his work showed in the eatery and chose to get it. He was excited, and consequently offered to pay for the cut of cake we had requested for dessert - a sweet signal. Toward the finish of the supper, I stated, Gracias por la pastilla (the pill) rather than el pastel (the cake). I am certain that there have been a lot all the more humiliating minutes which I have caused ... be that as it may, most likely individuals here were so respectful I never at any point knew. El Tejano: Twenty odd years prior, I was in a shoe store in Mexico purchasing another pair of shoes. My Spanish was a great deal more terrible than it is currently and I couldnt recollect the word for size. So I turned size upward in my weakling word reference (consistently a dangerous practice) and the main section was tamaã ±o. So I told the youngster that my tamaã ±o was 9. She was extremely youthful and I was around 50, and I heard her mumble, scarcely perceptibly faintly, rabo verde. In the event that you dont get it, Ill leave the subtleties to another person, in any case youll be calling me rabo verde as well. Heres another: Im a resigned painting contractual worker from Houston and we had a major business work down in the Rio Grande Valley, which is unclear from Mexico itself. A gringo painter on our group needed to ask an appealing chica who worked at the Wal-Mart in Carrizo Springs to eat with him. We advised him to state, Seã ±orita, es posible que quisieras comer conmigo? Be that as it may, he got befuddled and subbed cojer for comer. The outcomes were unsurprising! Spanish Expert:Â One that rings a bell happened numerous years back during an excursion to Mexico when I expected to purchase a razor. Not knowing the word for razor, I went in a little store and requested algo para aceitar and got just abnormal looks. Communication via gestures proved to be useful, and Im sure that they at that point made sense of the word I implied. I had utilized the action word for to oil (aceitar) rather than the action word for to shave (afeitar). I didnt acknowledge what I had said until later that night. I made a trip to Peru a couple of years prior with a then-young child, and he needed to have a go at utilizing his insignificant Spanish at an open air advertise. He chose to purchase an alpaca cover and asked the amount it cost - quince soles was the appropriate response, about $5 U.S. at that point. He felt that was a decent arrangement, and expeditiously pulled cincuenta soles (about $18) from his wallet. He would have paid it in the event that I hadnt got his mix-up. So as to spare himself the humiliation of giving the seller an excessive amount of cash, he chose the cost was one he couldnt leave behind and instantly chose to purchase two. Donna B: We had prepared a turkey supper for a Mexican international student, and my child, who was learning Spanish, disclosed to him we were having polvo for supper rather than pavo. Our student from abroad gave him a sickened look and would not descend for supper. We later acknowledged he had told the student from abroad we were having dust for supper rather than turkey for supper. TML: The first occasion when I went to Madrid I was approached to go to the supermercado and get some chicken (pollo). All things considered, I got a little silenced and as opposed to approaching the man for pollo, I requested a particular piece of his life systems. Discussion about a humiliating second! He at long last made sense of what I was requesting and I returned home with some genuine chicken parts! The family I was remaining with practically wet their jeans snickering. I have since been returned to Madrid multiple times and have taken in a significant exercise ... We are simply the ones who put the weight on ourselves. Each individual I met truly needed me to succeed, and they were amazingly useful. They didnt attempt to cause me to feel moronic - yet were progressively moved by my longing to speak with them - even in lieu of my syntactic blunders. Exercises learned: If you are hesitant to commit errors, you won't learn. A long time not far off you will have some clever and frequently awesome recollections of individuals you met and how you each helped each other out. Lily Su: I was looking into the word dulce in my amazing word reference (which records heaps of approaches to utilize words and expressions) needing to check whether it was utilized to make statements like, gracious thank you, that was sweet of you, and so on., and not simply that you favored sweet treats, for instance. I was perusing along and stumbled into the word boniato (yam). I should not have been perusing cautiously in light of the fact that I by one way or another got the possibility that you could consider somebody a boniato as an affectionate nickname (perhaps like we call somebody darling). So I circumvented saying, hola, mi boniato to a considerable lot of my Spanish companions, just one of which at last remedied me. It despite everything makes all of us laugh hysterically when we recollect that! Likewise caught wind of an American minister who remarked at the Spanish mass that he adored los calzones bonitos (calzones is underwear) when he intended to state las canciones bonitas (the delightful melodies)! Patty: I was looking for food supplies in Los Angeles with a Spanish-talking companion, and in endeavor to assist her with picking her squeezed orange I asked her (in Spanish) in the event that she needed the one with mash or without. It ended up being one of those events that speculating the word by including an o toward the end didnt work. Pulpo implies octopus. Luckily, I was close enough; the word is pulpa, so she had the option to think about what I implied. AuPhinger: The expression y pico was normally used to mean and a bit, or a tad, as in ochenta pesos y pico for a little more than eighty pesos. One of the colleagues in my dads office moved to, on the off chance that I recollect accurately, Chile. He utilized the expression - for a brief timeframe! Until part of the gang in the workplace pulled him aside and educated him that there, y pico implied a smidgen of just a single thing! Liza Joy: Once in a college night class I was instructing, an as of late separated from moderately aged understudy chose to utilize the Spanish she learned in my group out traveling to Mexico. She needed to escape from the vacationer course thus went to an eatery where nobody seemed to communicate in English. She figured out how to arrange a delectable dinner, yet when it came time to request the bill, everything she could consider to state was how a lot, which she interpreted truly as como mucho which implies I eat a great deal, rather than the right cunto. This fairly stout woman disclosed to me that she continued pointing at her dish and saying como mucho to the server, who looked humiliated and continued saying, No, seã ±ora, usted no come mucho. At last, she assumed out her acknowledgment card, and he out of nowhere comprehended. She didnt comprehend what the issue was until she returned to class after Easter break. Moral: Learn your inquiry words! Russell: This didnt really transpire, yet a partner of mine disclosed to me this story

Sound and The Fury :: Faulkner Sound and the Fury Essays

Sound and The Fury  William Faulkner's The Sound and The Fury is a convoluted story ofâ disaster, lies, and destruction.â The entire Compson family is loaded up with antagonism and awful decisions.â The family is separated gradually until it is at last destroyed.â Ms. Compson should be in charge however she is aâ masochist narcissistic lady that gets away from obligation by relying upon Dilsey for each need.â Ms Compson likewise made threatening vibe between the Family.   Jason, the leader of the family since their dad kicked the bucket, is continually knowing yet just thinks about himself.â He is a cool, horrible, and straightforwardly brutal individual, he esteems just himself and approaches to make himself richer.â Part of the explanation he resembles this is a result of the absence of consideration he got as a kid, and in view of the way that he couldn't go to Harvard.â Nevertheless, Jason does what is required for his family to endure, he goes to work and gains the living for the whole family.â Jason additionally invests a gigantic measure of energy in his room checking and exploring his money.â The cash was another bigâ â â â â â inspiration for Jason to assume liability for his family. On the off chance that that inspiration was not there I don't believe that Jason would have been as mindful. Nonetheless, Jason does even now speak to detest and mercilessness. Jason isn't the main that disintegrates in this book, Ms. Compson speaks to craziness and delusion.â She has an envisioned disease, she attempts to control things around her including individuals and she gripes very often.â Ms. Compson is additionally trying to claim ignorance of numerous things, she envisions that individuals think sick about her and that her better half never enjoyed her brother.â The decay of every relative is strong and predictable despite the fact that they are altogether unique.  Quentin feels that he is leaving his head due to his sister Caddy.â While Caddy doesn't possess a scent like trees to Benjy any longer as a result of her actions.â Quentin then discovers that Herbert undermined his test for Harvard.â Herbert attempts to pay off Quentin's so nobody will get some answers concerning his wrong doing.â Everything that has been fouled up has been attempted to be concealed by that individual in the family.

Theology Sikhism and Zoroastrianism

Question: Talk about theTheologyfor Sikhism and Zoroastrianism. Answer: Presentation It is notable that, a great deal of religions, for example, Hinduism, Jainism, Islam, Christianity, Buddhism, Sikhism, and Zoroastrianism exist on the planet. These religions are not new. These all the religions are old. Individuals are passing these religions, convictions, and beliefs starting with one age then onto the next age. All the individuals of various religions have various beliefs just as convictions. These convictions and beliefs are being solid step by step. Alongside this, this examination paper would be useful to portray a significant idea The realm of God in a viable and a legitimate way. In addition, the paper would likewise be useful to show that how the idea The realm of God is identified with the congregation. At long last, this paper would be useful to talk about the most mainstream religion Christian in a suitable manner.. The Kingdom of God and Its Relation to the Church In the perspectives on Moore, Russell and Robert (2008, 68-87), the Kingdom of God is otherwise called the Kingdom of Heaven. Alongside this, the idea Kingdom of God is a significant subject of discussion for the individuals. These are not a specific meaning of the idea Kingdom of God. A few people accept that the Kingdom of God is a significant resolution of an unceasing (anadi/avinashi) and ruler God that it has everywhere throughout the space. As per the Holy Scriptures of the strict, God is the certain sovereign all things considered. Alongside this, the Holy Scriptures let realize that the God has set up its position of royalty in heaven so as to spread its realm administers everywhere throughout the world.[1] For the explanation, it very well may be accepted that, every single power that stay alive and furthermore has been learned by God is the Kingdom of God. The idea remembers each and everything that exists for the universe. Considering that, the God Kingdom alludes as the G od's kin in God's place under God's standard. Then again, Joubert (2013, 114-134) express that the Kingdom of God is a strict guideline that lives in the hearts and psyches of the individuals who acknowledge the authority of God excitedly. The individuals who deny and furthermore dismiss the authority of God are not identified with the realm of God. Aside from this, the individuals who surrender the position and furthermore adhere to the guidelines of God in their souls are just identified with the Kingdom of God. In this sense, the idea of Kingdom of God is holy. It is a result of it portrays that humility is basic to be a piece of the Kingdom of God. Interestingly, a few people accept that the Kingdom of God is a charming example that is just identified with human culture. Individuals will make the realm themselves by their works and endeavors towards the perfect society. The undertakings that they make to determine social issues, for example, destitution, social disparities, infection, race connections, and so forth will be u seful to build up the Kingdom of God in the world.[2] For that reason, it tends to be expected that, the idea Kingdom of God has a considerable amount of perspectives. Similarly, as per the creators ap Sin, Tania, Leslie, and Sylvia (2007, 1-15), the idea Kingdom of God is identified with the congregation or Christianity. There are various perspectives on individuals that delineate that it is related to the congregation. At the end of the day, it likewise can be said that, the Kingdom of God is one of the central point of the convention of Jesus. As indicated by the heavenly Bible, this was the principal message of Jesus to the world. Alongside this, the Scripture expresses that the authentic principle of Christ will set up a realm that will never be annihilated.[3] different prophets of Christ will keep similar guidelines so as to keep up the realm in the moving toward years. Along these lines, Christ has built up his profound power in the congregation and on the earth. In this way, it might be accepted that, Kingdom of God is connected to the congregation in an otherworldly manner. Alongside this, in the perspectives on Ladd (2004) the Kingdom of God is the focal subject of the instructing of Jesus. It is likewise the underlying message of the Church that was established by Jesus completely through his devotees. Also, the soul of the lessons of Jesus underscores around the postulation of the realm of God. As per Bible, Kingdom of God is a real, certifiable and truthful government that was established by Jehovah God. It assigns loads of qualities of human governments; anyway it is progressed to them all around. Moreover, the Bible expresses that God has doled out Jesus as the lord of the realm and furthermore gave him a greater number of rights than some other human ruler. Jesus may utilize these rights just for government assistance of people.[4] Thus, Jesus has affirmed that he can be a solid just as concerned pioneer to the world and furthermore can work to benefit universe. Simultaneously, the creators Wagner (2010) articulate that the Kingdom of God will never demolish not at all like human governments. Human rulers travel every which way however the government of god will continue as before. Moreover, an individual who does what God requires can be a significant subject of the Kingdom of God. Also, the laws of the realm assume a critical job so as to restrict wrong conduct of individuals. The laws of Gods Kingdom improve the ethical characters of individuals. For case, as per Bible, you should adore Jehovah your God with your entire heart and with your entire soul and with your entire psyche. This is the first and incomparable standard of Bible. In addition, You should cherish your neighbor as yourself is the second precept of Bible.[5] thusly, the principles of the Bible connote that adoration and neighbor are the significant subjects of the Kingdom of God. What's more, Goldsworthy (2008, 4-15) expresses that, the Kingdom of God sets exclusive expectations for its subjects and furthermore enlightens individuals how to satisfy up those guidelines in a fitting and a legitimate way. In addition, the power of God is dynamic in mankind's history completely through Jesus Christ. The principle motivation behind Gods Kingdom is to spare the individuals from offense just as wicked forces and furthermore set up the new sky on the earth.[6] On the other hand, in the perspectives on Grisez (2008, 38-61), the Kingdom of God is inside the individuals. Be that as it may, individuals have confined the God Kingdom just to a philosophical point of view. Additionally, the realm is expansive and furthermore more noteworthy than what is inside the spirits just as psyches of the supporters of Jesus.[7] Aside from this, Swinton, John, Harriet, and Susannah (2011, 5-19) contend that, the Kingdom of God isn't identified with the congregation. It is a result of the realm of God has been set up before the congregation. Divine beings realm is interminable, yet the congregation isn't. The other actuality is that the congregation totally dependent upon the lord just as his standard. Therefore, the standard and power of God takes need over the congregation. Moreover, the connection between the Gods realm and the Church is much of the time confounded by the individuals. Christians accepts that the Kingdom of God is just the other name for the congregation. [8] But, in genuine, the two of them are not quite the same as one another; and the Gods realm is a higher priority than the Church. Then again, Marshall (2015) fights that Gods realm is exceptionally wide origination instead of the Church. The realm of god takes in every single everyday issue that is under standard just as impact of God. For case, on the off chance that god leads a house, at that point it is a part of the Kingdom. In addition, a business that is runs on scriptural standards likewise a division of the Kingdom. Divine beings realm contains each human action that is finished as per his soul. The congregation is likewise a piece of the realm of god. Thus, the realm of God doesn't identify with the congregation. The creators further say that Christians has been extended the realm by offering various parts of lives under the soul of God. Yet, as a general rule, the Church is only one region of impact inside the realm of God.[9] along these lines, it very well may be said that, the realm of god is a significant subject of discussion for the individuals. A few people accept that it is completely identifi ed with the congregation while a few people are against it. Be that as it may, the investigation and examination delineates that Gods realm has a solid relationship with the Church. End On the reason of the above discussion, it tends to be inferred that, the idea Kingdom of God is wide. It is the soul and heart of the message of Jesus Christ for humankind. Alongside this, it is likewise seen that, the idea Gods realm is connected to the congregation. Individuals accept that Jesus please earth just to set up the realm on the earth. Additionally, it can likewise be said that, Gods realm has various angles. The God is the main ruler of the universe and furthermore identifies with all the religions in an equivalent manner. The realm of God connects with apology just as the new birth. As a last point, it very well may be expected that God lives in the hearts of individuals in this world and they work as per the desire of God. References ap Sin, Tania, Leslie J. Francis, and Sylvia Baker. Encountering training in the new Christian schools in the United Kingdom: tuning in to the male alumni. Journal of Beliefs Values 28, no. 1 (2007): 1-15. Goldsworthy, Graeme. The Kingdom of God as Hermeneutic Grid.. Southern Baptist Journal of Theology 12 (2008): 4-15. Grisez, Germain. The genuine extreme finish of individuals: The realm, not God alone. Theological Studies 69, no. 1 (2008): 38-61. Joubert, Stephan. Not by request, nor by exchange: the metanoetic nearness of the realm of God in a liquid new world and church. Acta Theologica 33, no. 1 (2013): 114-134. Ladd, George Eldon. Realm of God. Article in Baker's Dictionary of Theology (2004). Marshall, Christopher D. The afterlife: The realm of God in the instructing of Jesus. Wipf and Stock Publishers, 2015. Moore, Russell D., and Robert E. Sagers. The Kingdom of God and the Church: A Baptist Reassessment. The Southern Baptist Journal of Theology 12 (2008): 68-87.

My Emerging Philosophy of Education - Free Essay Example

I believe that many aspects of my first semester as an undergraduate student in the University of Limerick have contributed to my emerging philosophy of education. From attending lectures, participating in educational tutorials and reflecting upon the designated readings. I have developed a substantial understanding towards the thought process of what it takes to be a successful educator. It was clear to me from the outset of this semester that I will have to forge my own personalised philosophy of education. I have gained knowledge and reflected on the thoughts and ideologies of key philosophers that I feel I now have a deeper understanding of what education is and have begun the journey of realising what kind of educator I believe would lead to me having the ability to teach students in the most effective way possible. Firstly I would describe education itself as the passing on of knowledge and skills to people in different ways, while also maintaining the path of a learner as there is always new knowledge to be gained (O Connor, 2018, LL05). This description came as a result of my reflections during week 05 of this module as I resonated deeply with the ideologies that Dewey expresses in Experience and Education (Dewey, 1938). I strongly agree with Deweys progressive style of teaching, I believe it is important for teachers to engage with their students by questioning them and challenging them in their class. I am of the mindset that if teachers engage with their students more, it will inevitably result in a better learning environment for all individuals. Although there are many benefits to this style of teaching I do believe that some traditional methods such as the focus on the material being distributed to the class and that the teacher maintains control over the class are vital when trying to develop a successful learning environment. This is particularly important in the Irish education system as it is heavily based upon the Leaving Certificate. It is important that teachers do not get sidetracked and allows the students to dictate what is being thought in the class, this I believe, is the most commanding and difficult element of the progressive method of education. I also believe that education through experience plays a pivotal role in the learning capabilities of a student. I formulate this belief through the expression of Dewey; he suggests that if an educator builds up a rapport with their students and creates a sense of common ground through shared experience then their active union with each other provide the measure of the educative significance and value of an experience (Dewey, 1938). I agree with Dewey in the regard as a student can feel more engaged in the class if they can see that the teacher is being respectful towards them and their experience. I refer to my desire to be this type of teacher in week 06 of my Learning Log: i would strive to be an active teacher who asks questions, as this would indicate to the students that I truly care about what they have to say (O Connor, 2018, LL06). Asking questions and getting to know ones students is pivotal in terms of determining the academic ability of the students. As a future teacher of mathematics I would ensure that I get to know my students well in order to create a significant educational environment. I would then follow the process of Deweys experiential learning (Dewey 1938), by challenging the students, allowing them the freedom to discover what needs to be learned. While doing this it would be important as the teacher to ensure that the work being done is still on-task as there is still a course to be completed at the end of the year and the reality is that the particular course needs to be finished to give the students the best possible resources to achieve well in the state exams. Education should be available to each and every person possible. This ideology formed as a result of my reading the thoughts of Paulo Frieres Pedagogy of the Oppressed Chapter 2(Friere, 1972). My reflection of frieres thoughts of an alternative to traditional teaching is captured in week 09 of my Learning Log: Frieres Problem posing education is centred around critical thinking and making students aware of their own social reality (O Connor, 2018, LL09). I agree with this philosophy as it is an ideology that strives to make education available for everyone. This is important for me in terms of my philosophy of education as I will be teaching students of different nationalities, ethnicities and it will be my duty as a teacher to challenge these students in order to allow them to be aware of their social realities and help them understand further through challenging them in various ways. It is effectively summarised as friere states education should be known as: the practice of freedom - as opposed to the practice of dominance (Friere, 1972). This entails that education should be enjoyed and expressed openly, rather than focussed on success and fear of failure. I intend to be an educator that makes school enjoyable for students and try my best to make students feel comfortable as it will aid the main goal of creating the best learning environment possible. It is also important for an educator to acknowledge that there will always be new information and new knowledge in their particular subject area. This was highlighted to me when Postman and Weingartner announce a particular notion in Teaching as a Subversive Activity: The Vaccination theory of education (Postman and Weingartner, 1969). He suggests that some people and particularly some educators believe that once they have studied their desired subject that they feel as if they do not need to continue learning and instead focus on teaching the particular area. When in reality it is incredibly advisable for a teacher to be investing their time to be frequently expanding their knowledge and to be open to new ideas, this commitment to their own learning will inevitably benefit the learning of their students by being able to answer any question posed to them. They also depict an educator that is described as an inquiring teacher (Postman and Weingartner, 1969), I intend on being somewhat like this as I feel through reading their descriptions that this style of teaching would allow me to have a long lasting positive effect on the learning environment of the students I teach. To revert back to the progressive style of teaching mentioned previously, this inquiry based teaching would lead to a heightened level of student engagement, encourage student- student interactions and allow lessons to develop from the responses of students. Therefore it will be an ambition of mine to carry out this method of teaching to the fullest in my future as an educator of both Physical Education and Mathematics. The theory versus practice debate is a central topic when first forging a philosophy of education. It is now clear to me that they are both important in successful education. It is important not to focus too much on one particular aspect. A guest speaker in one of my lectures describes: theory should be taken as a prescription of practice (Adenusi, 2018). This effectively summarises my thoughts of this debate as I believe to be an effective educator, one must be aware of the theory behind their own subject and the theory behind how to transfer information. However, to come back to my own description of what education itself is, an educator must be adaptable and know when a particular theory of passing information is not working. People learn things and absorb information in different ways; it is up to the teacher to practically come up with a way of transferring knowledge to the student in the most effective way possible rather than sticking to a rigid theory. I reflected upon this t opic in week 02 of my Learning Log, it is more beneficial for students that are willing to learn when they have a teacher that is practically adaptable along with being theoretically up to date with teaching methods and overall knowledge (O Connor, 2018, LL02). I believe that setting up a good foundation of how I will utilise both theory and practice will contribute towards my ambition of being the best educator I can possibly be. As an aspiring Physical Education and Mathematics teacher it will be vital for me to balance both theory and practice in my profession as both subject areas are quite demanding in both respects. It is my responsibility to develop an understanding of both aspects and perform to my highest ability to allow the students I teach to gain the experience needed to succeed in their future lives To revert back to my own emerging philosophy, I hope that I can be a teacher that focuses on the wellbeing of the students through a progressive method of engaging with my students and challenging them by allowing them to have freedom over how they approach learning. However I would also hope to maintain a sense of direction in the overall process of teaching the class a desired subject as the education system relies on good performance in examinations. Reference List: Adenusi, T. (2018)Philosophy of Education, EN4041: Contemporary Understandings and Thinking of Education, 2 Oct, University of Limerick, Unpublished. Dewey, J. (1938). Experience education. New York: Macmillan, pp.17-23. Dewey, J. (1938). Experience education. New York: Macmillan, pp. 42-45 Freire, P., Ramos, M., Macedo, D. and Shor, I. (1996). Pedagogy of the oppressed. New York: Continuum, pp.60-63. Postman, N. and Weingartner, C. (1969). TEACHING AS A SUBVERSIVE ACTIVITY. NEW YORK: DELACORTE, pp.8-14. O Connor, J. 2018. Learning Log Week 02, University of Limerick, EN4041: Contemporary Understandings of and Thinking on Education. O Connor, J. 2018. Learning Log Week 05, University of Limerick, EN4041: Contemporary Understandings of and Thinking on Education. O Connor, J. 2018. Learning Log Week 06, University of Limerick, EN4041: Contemporary Understandings of and Thinking on Education. O Connor, J. 2018. Learning Log Week 09, University of Limerick, EN4041: Contemporary Understandings of and Thinking on Education.

Tragic Heroes of The Iliad and Oedipus Rex Analysis

Calvin Coolidge once said, â€Å"Heroism is not only in the man, but in the occasion† (brainyquote.com). Heroes are among one of the most popular literary figures of all time. A Greek philosopher, Aristotle, wrote his notion of classic from of heroism called tragic heroism in his work entitled Poetics. In Poetics, Aristotle explains that there are certain qualities that a tragic hero has that can qualify him or her as tragically heroic. Two Grecian literary legends, Achilles from Homer’s Iliad and Sophocles’s Oedipus Rex, fit the description of an Aristotelian tragic hero. Achilles, from Homer’s The Iliad, is a tragic hero. Achilles’s quick rage coincides with a key characteristic of a tragic hero. Agamemnon, the king of Mycenae takes†¦show more content†¦For example, he is an unbeatable war machine because he possesses armor crafted by the god Hephaestus to protect him in battle against Hector, leader of the Trojans. Achilles temper and hi ghborn status qualify him as an Aristotelian tragic hero. The titular character from Sophocles’s Oedipus Rex, also corresponds with Aristotle’s idea of a tragic hero. He is a flawed character, his weakness being his excessive pride and over confidence, which is a qualifying factor found in tragic heroes. A plague is present in the city of Thebes, and Oedipus has turned to Tiresias, an old prophet, for advice. However, Tiresias informs him that Oedipus himself is the murderer of King Laius and he has brought this plague to the city. In response, Oedipus says, â€Å"Not twice shall you say calumnies like this and go unpunished† (Sophocles 433). Oedipus’s egotism is well exhibited with his conversation with Tiresias. The fact that he denies Tiresias, an all seeing man, shows that he is entirely too self-important. His hubris, or arrogant pride, ends up affecting his destiny, which is to kill his father and marry his mother. Also, his downfall is not wholly deserved, according to another Aristotelian quality of a tragic hero. Since it is his fate to kill his father and marry his mother, he cannot avoid it. After the tragic events of finding out his prophecy is true and that his mother and wife has killed herself, Oedipus ashamed, blinds himself in order to never see his deceased parentsShow MoreRelatedComparison of Oedipus Rex and a Raisin in the Sun Essay1874 Words   |  8 Pagesto Oedipus Rex by Sophocles. Greek and Roman plays, and even Indeed ancient Indian plays (a common Indo-European Tradition), usually had a pivotal character that â€Å"held the play together†. Also there would be a Chorus that would come into play when the tragedy would begin unfolding. The Greco-Roman variants were almost always tragedies. Be it Homer’s Iliad or Odessey. The hero after long travails always seemed to return to nothing and would come to grief. Achilles, Priam, Agamemnon, Oedipus, allRead MoreFall from Grace: Satan as a Spiritually Corrupt Hero in Miltons Paradise Lost2859 Words   |  12 Pagesadmirable qualities, is ignoble down to the core in everything he has done - especially including his war against God - and that he is not the protagonist of Paradise Lost, but rather he is the antagonist who creates the conflict. In a more in-depth analysis of a hero, Joseph Campbell briefly defines a hero as someone who has given his or her life to something bigger than oneself(p143) in his book The Power of Myth. Some of the aspects of a hero as explained in The Power of Myth include a call toRead MoreAncient Greek Culture2704 Words   |  11 Pagesin the Western world. It became the model for all later literature. Greek writers introduced several important types including lyric and epic poetry, tragic and comic drama, and several important historical essays and dialogue (Myrsiades, 2013). Two of the most famous epic poems were written by Homer entitled â€Å"Iliad† which tells about the Trojan War and the â€Å"Odyssey† which tells about the adventures of the Greek hero Odysseus when he returns home after the fall of Troy

The Diversity And Cultural Diversity Management - 1634 Words

ïÆ'Ëœ Which advantages do Cultural Diversity and Cultural Diversity Management have ? The complexity of the current economic climate demands creative and innovative business approaches and presents the opportunity for growth in developing markets by addressing unexpected or counter-intuitive consumer needs. Shifting demographics, increasing purchasing power of non-traditional segments and a trend towards customization present a compelling case for viewing MasterCard’s business efforts through a diverse lens. As a global technology company keenly focused on innovation, diversity and inclusion is a business imperative for MasterCard as company believes that diversity sits at the root of innovation. Diversity of culture, experience, and thought†¦show more content†¦Ã¯Æ'Ëœ How is Cultural Diversity anchored into the management systems ? MasterCard firmly believes that the demographics of suppliers should reflect those of the customers. In 2001, MasterCard launched the Supplier Diversity Program in the United States so businesses owned by women, minorities and veterans, as well as small businesses, would have equal opportunity to participate MasterCard procurement process. In addition to making good business sense, this program offers several indisputable benefits: †¢ Developing an inclusive, competitive, and enhanced supply chain †¢ Enhancing MasterCard brand-building efforts †¢ Creating a competitive advantage †¢ Strengthening the communities in which MasterCard operates With this program, MasterCard aims to ensure that businesses that are owned by minorities, women, or veterans, as well as small businesses, have equal access to procurement opportunities. Additionally, the program allows other suppliers to receive credit for subcontracting work to minority-, women-, or veteran-owned enterprises, or using those enterprises to provide goods and services to their own businesses, because MasterCard sees this as adding value to the company.. Over time, the benefits of this program have proven to be even more pronounced than first anticipated, enabling MasterCard to enjoy what is considered as a competitive advantage in the industry. As a result, MasterCard has begun to expand the program beyond the United States,

Holdens Misapprehension of Death in Essay Example For Students

Holdens Misapprehension of Death in Essay Death is one of lifes most mysterious occurrences. It is sometimes difficult to comprehend why an innocent young child has to die, and a murderer is released from prison and gets a second chance at life. There is no simple explanation for this. Though, perhaps the best, would be the theological perspective that God has a prewritten destiny for every man and woman. In J.D. Salingers The Catcher in the Rye Holden often finds himself questioning his faith and pondering why an innocent adolescent like his brother Allie has to die. By the close of the novel Holden learns to accept not only death but life as well. There are several instances within J.D. Salingers The Catcher in the Rye in which Holden expresses his misapprehension of death. In Chapter 5, on page 38 Holden provides a long excursus on Allie, specifying the particulars of his life and death. The consequential point comes at the close of the digression when Holden discloses his own reaction to Allies death. In this Chapter Hol den first poses the question of why did Allie have to die at such a young age. Another example of Holdens confusion about death can be found in Chapter 9, on page 60. In a cab on the way to the Edmont Hotel Holden asks the cab driver if he knows what happens to the ducks in the lake in Central Park during the winter. Although this question may seem trivial, it is in fact a way of Holden asking what happens to people when they die. What Holden really wants to know is if they just disappear or do they move on to a more suitable place. Unfortunately the cab driver doesnt truly comprehend Holdens question and is unable to provide an adequate explanation for him. One final illustration of Holdens misconception of death is evident in Chapter 12, on pages 81-82. In this instance Holden once again poses the question of what happens to the ducks in the lake in Central Park during the winter. This driver, Horowitz, responds much more climactically than the anonymous driver in Chapter 9. , and he provides a ardent series of remarks. Horowitz changes the subject of the con versation from ducks to fish, because he can cope with them. Horowitz is also a believer of the rightness of things. His departing comment: Listen,if you was a fish, Mother Natured take care of you, wouldnt she? Right? You dont think them fish just die when it gets to be winter do ya?Youre goddam right they dont. elucidates his thinking completely. This conversation clarifies many things for Holden and helps him begin to understand the true meaning of death. Throughout the novel The Catcher in the Rye Holden is constantly struggling to accept and understand the true meaning of not only death but life as well, for if Holden doesnt accept death he can never truly understand life. By the end of this great work by Salinger, Holden is on the road to recovery with a much more detailed and complex understanding of life and death. He now accepts Allies death, and will be able to continue to live a much less stressful and much freer life.

Macbeth Essays (721 words) - Characters In Macbeth,

Macbeth The story Macbeth took place in Scotland. Macbeth was a well respected warrior, also highly respected by Duncan the king. He later meets 3 witches and they give him 3 prophecies and both of them come true right away except for the one that he is to be king. So Macbeth makes this happen for him by killing Duncan in his sleep while he was staying at his castle for the night. Macbeth does a good job of hiding this from the others. No one would have ever suspected him. Macbeth is then crowned king Banquo starts to suspect him of Duncan's murder. But doesn't tell anyone. In return Macbeth was more of the contributor to his own downfall, rather than Lady Macbeth. Lady Macbeth contributed to Macbeth's downfall when she first convinces him to kill Duncan. She tells him If you do not do this for me u are not man enough and I will no longer love you. She basically cohersed him into doing it, he wasn't going to do it at first but she convinced him to. After he has killed duncan he is in total shock and comes back to her with the bloody daggers still in his hands and covered in blood himself. She tells him " a little water will wash us of this deed." In actuality water won't wash this deed away. In the end Lady Macbeth ends up going nuts over the whole killing Duncan incident and ends up dyeing. In the scene where it shows her gong crazy, she starts talking of the murder unknowingly. The doctor and her nurse are listening. This could have been harmful to Macbeth if they had said anything to anyone else about it. All of this contributed to Macbeth's downfall because she just forced him into doing something he wasn't to sure of. Lady Macbeth was a bi g factor in the downfall. Macbeth contributed to his own downfall because first of he went ahead and killed Duncan, even though Lady Macbeth told him to still he had a choice not to or to. He decided to chose the path of evil and destruction. After he found out he could get away with killing Duncan and not even being suspected, he thought he could get away with anything. So sooner or later Banquo is "friend" shows signs of suspicion, so while him and his son are on a horse ride, Macbeth hires 3 murderers to kill Fleance and Banquo. They succeed in only killing Banquo and Fleance escapes. Macbeth gets very upset by this. Later that night during his feast in his new castle, Banquo's ghost makes an appearance just for Macbeth only. He gets so scared he almost starts confessing to the murders of Duncan and Banquo, he lets to many suspicions arise in peoples minds. He also notices that Macduff is not present at the dinner and becomes very suspicious and finds out that he has flee to England to meet with one of Dun can's sons to get an army together to defeat Macbeth. So Macbeth's reaction to this is to kill of Macduffs hole family, and everyone in his home at the time servants everything. People then start to realize that Macbeth has become somewhat savage. He starts to show no remorse and emotions. Macbeth was the main factor to his downfall due to all of these factors. He just started to say hey I can do what I want and no one will ever know but in the end this just causes his downfall and ultimately his death. Over all it is felt that Macbeth has caused his own downfall not Lady Macbeth. Macbeth is his own person and makes his own decisions, no one else can decide things for you. So if u make a decision to commit murder and treason against your king u are bound to be killed when it is found out that you have committed it. Macbeth payees the ultimate price, with his life, for his stupidity. Lady Macbeth didn't really have much to do with his choices or views much after Duncan's murder. He was thinking evil on his own, and action upon impulse's. Macbeth was the only one responsible, there

Tri-State Comparision essays

Tri-State Comparision essays Tri-State Comparision The State of Missouri is very comparable to the majority of the United States based on several identical variables. In order to shorten the length of this study, three states, including Missouri, have been chosen to compare variables. The three states are Illinois, Iowa, and Missouri. The first two states were chosen because of location to demonstrate the comparability of Missouri with bordering states. All three states have state debt and the following numbers are per capita. The state with the highest debt is Illinois with a debt of 1702 putting the state at number 18 on the ranking list of the United States. The lowest debt goes to Iowa with a debt of only 651, ranking number 33. Missouri is in the middle of both states, but closer to Illinois, with a debt of 1245 per capita, leaving Missouri to place number 26 in the United States regarding state debt. The population of Missouri is 74.3 people per square mile. This ranks number 27 in the United States. Iowa is the least populated of the three states with 49.7 people per square mile, ranking number 33 in the United States. Illinois has the largest amount of people per square mile with a total of 205.6 people per square mile and ranking number 11 in the United States. Missouri falls gracefully between both of these numbers. After looking at the states population, we should consider family income. All incomes that are presented are based on the median. Not surprising, the top family income will go to Illinois with an income of $38,664.00, ranking 12 in the United States. The middle will go to Missouri with an annual income of $31,838.00, placing Missouri number 32 in the United States. And last and surprisingly, Iowa. Iowa has a whopping $31,659.00 of family income leaving Iowa right behind Missouri in ranks. Illinois was the highest of the three states in family income so it is no surprise that they are the highest in income tax paid ...

Jesus, Son of God Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Jesus, Son of God - Research Paper Example He is also believed to have risen from the dead three days after being crucified. In the course of his life, Jesus is said to have performed many miracles. The nature of Jesus has however been severally questioned by those opposed to the Christian religion. As a religion, Christianity was initially founded on the principles of Judaism. God is said to have had a covenant with the people of Israel. The covenant had a declaration that he would send them the messiah who would bless not only the Israelites but the entire world. This was after the fall of man in the Garden of Eden. The Old Testament contains over 100 prophesies that make reference to the coming of the messiah and give the qualities that the messiah would have. The prophesies that are found in the Old Testament also predict the place and the circumstances under which the messiah would be born. The prophesies also give the characteristics that the messiah would have that would set him aside from the rest of the population an d from the rest of the prophet. Jesus is said to have fulfilled all these prophesies and is therefore believed to be the messiah who would save mankind. He (Jesus) was for example conceived by the power of the Holy Spirit. He is also said to have been born of a virgin (Darst 4). The title of Son of God comes from the fact that Jesus was conceived by the power of the Holy Spirit. ... Another reference can be found in the book of Mark 3:11 where after casting out demons, the demons bow to Jesus and refer to him as the Son of God. Jesus also referred to himself as the Son of God. He refers to God as his father. These assertions begin at an early age in Jesus’ life when his parents find him in the temple and he refers to it as his father’s house (Luke 23:49). Jesus also did not object to any reference to himself as the Son of God (Hurtado 20). The nature of the mission of Jesus is said to have been two fold. In the first place, he had to take the form of man, and live like a man so that he could teach people about the nature of salvation. His human form was despite having a divine nature in that he was the son of God sent for the redemption of man. Jesus was also to pay the ultimate price for the sins of man despite the fact that his divine nature allowed him to be free of sin. He paid this price when he was crucified and died on the cross. Because he was the son of God, he rose from the dead. This provides the basis upon which Christianity is built (McGrath 1). The teachings of Jesus were different from those that the earlier prophets and the priests preached. While the norm was for the priests and those responsible for teaching religion was to emphasize on the following of the set rules and religious ceremonies. Jesus however asserted that the mere obedience of the laws did not make one holy. Instead, he preached one love for God and love for other people as the most important commandment. Love for God and love for fellow men is therefore one of the most basic and fundamental principles of the Christian religion. As a human being, Jesus spent his life travelling with his disciples and teaching a message of peace and salvation. He also called

Negotiation skill and conlfict Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Negotiation skill and conlfict - Assignment Example While negotiating, instead of using no one should yes, in order to develop better understanding with the other person. The third tip focus on the power of words. It has been said that words such as But, If, No, Or, Should, Could, create barrier between the two. Therefore, while negotiating words such as Yes, And, Let’s must be used. This video focuses on conflict and pathways for resolving conflict. Most people prefer to avoid conflict, other get sick or go on stress leave. The most common problem while dealing with conflict is denial that often extends the conflicts for weeks, months, and in some cases even years. It has been said that some people assume conflict as warfare, dead bodies, and blood on the streets. The correct definition of conflict has been provided which states as, â€Å"Conflict exists when one person has a need of another and that need is not being met†. In order to manage conflict, first the need should be expressed. Second, it must be sought if the need can be met or not. In case the need is not met and the person is afraid of negotiating for it then it leads to silent treatment, gossiping, backstabbing, shouting, and getting angry and aggressive. Therefore, stating in simple words, the resolution starts with expressing the need and negotiating the need without being afraid or nervo us. Quite often, conflict cost a lot to employers. As mentioned in the video, in the U.S. alone, conflicts causes employers $1 billion each year. Conflicts results due to difference in perspective or opinion, limited resources, and miscommunication. In order to control conflict, one needs to be aware enough regarding own self and others as well. Assertiveness refers to being aware of own self whereas for understanding others cooperativeness is required. There five styles that help in managing conflict. They include competing, avoiding, compromising, collaborating, accommodating. One can choose appropriate style for

New Religions Essay Example for Free

New Religions Essay Present essay studies how new religions are born in the context of social, cultural and intellectual relations between people. The analysis addresses the origins of three Abrahamic religions: Christianity, Judaism and Islam to trace their origins, historical and social needs that drove their development and intrinsic ties with their predecessors. The thesis is defended that the birth of religions should not be regarded as merely divine providence, intellectual development, but should be understood through the prism of socio-political developments in a given society. The origins of Christianity Christianity was not born as fully autonomous religion, but in contrast was under a great influence of Judaism (Brown, 963). This influence relates to the same canonical religious texts, including Old Testament, monotheism etc. Hence, Christianity was born simultaneously as a follower and opponent to Judaism. There is no denying the importance of the fact that social roots of Christianity should be traced in Jewish revolutionary movement against Judaist aristocracy, living in wealth and oppressing lower classes and Roman dominance, which was particularly aggressive. In its intellectual roots Early Christianity focused on critique of material goods, which is reflected in its celebration of soul, love and salvation. Such ideology was particularly successful amongst ordinary people, who saw Christianity as the source of their liberation (Bruce, 235). However, notwithstanding these social roots, Christian religion was for a long time persecuted in Judea and Roman empire in general. It did not function as state religion until AD 325 when the First Council of Nicaea took place and Constantine the Great made his historical decision. Until that time Christianity functioned within different sects, which focused on often contradictory interpretations of Bible, Greek philosophy, Gnosticism, Judaism etc (Grant, 45). Therefore, establishing Christianity as a full-fledged religion required its ascendance in the role of state religion and codification of its canonical legacy. The task was realized by St. Paul, who transformed the earlier premises of Christianity and made them affordable to interpretation by state power. Various Christian Councils later codified Christian texts and interpreted them to create unified traditions. Other interpretations of Christianity were persecuted by official Christianity, which marked the final stage in its transformation into full-fledged religion. Judaism The historical roots of Judaism should be traced back in the social need of Judea state to legitimize and develop its national autonomy in the ancient world (Shaye and Cohen, 36-39). The proof of the latter thought may be found in Tanakh (Old Testament), a canonical text of Judean tradition. Old Testament presents a Jewish nation (Childern of Israel) in their direct relationship with God, who proclaimed them the chosen nation. The latter shows that Judaism was central for Judea in positioning itself as the most progressive state in the Middle Eastern region. The historical origins of Judaism should also be traced in the need of regulating social relations in Judean society. This is the most evident in commandments or Law of Moses, which includes 613 laws, regulating various spheres of life in society. Hence, there is no denying the importance of the fact that Judaism was a very important ethical, legislative and moral tool in ancient Jewish society. Its main principles were later included in Talmud, which became the prototype of religious legislative system in general. Notwithstanding the fact that Judaism was the first monotheistic religion it was influenced by some ancient religions such as Zoroastrianism, from which Judaism borrowed certain cult practices, monotheistic ideas and philosophical mindset (Shaye and Cohen, 295). The ties of Judaism are also evident with Christianity and Islam, which form the group of common Abrahamic religions. Islam Islam has its historical roots both in Judaism and Christianity. As it is widely known, Islam uses Christian tradition of preaching Jesus; however, unlike Christianity in Muslim tradition, Jesus is regarded as a mortal person (Esposito, 23). Muhammad, the final prophet of God is regarded as a great reformer, who restored the original monotheistic tradition of Moses, Jesus and Abraham, which arguably was distorted in Christianity and Judaism. Therefore, it may be said that Islam is based on permanent reference to Judaism and Christianity, as the sources of its own development. The birth of Islam was also fostered by the ethical, intellectual and moral needs of Arab societies. Quran may be compared to Torah in this respect, because it served as the main tool for regulating social relations in Muslim societies. Its main commandments were included in Shariat law, which reflects Muslim tradition of correspondence between law and religious norms. Moreover, it should be noted that Islam was born and developed in the period of the rapid ascendance of Arab civilization as the center of power and development in Asia (Esposito, 68). Arab conquests and interrelations with the West were premised on the construction of the national and religious identity, which was found in Islam. Islam served as the tool for contrasting Muslim world with Western and allowed unifying various Muslim nations in the single task of promoting the cause of Mohammad. To sum it up, we have discussed major historical, social, cultural and ethical causes, which influenced the birth of three Abrahamic religions: Judaism, Christianity and Islam. The analysis shows that their birth and development should be understood as the complex process, affected not only by intellectual development, but deeper social and political processes, including revolutionary movement, the inception of new nationalist states, the relations between different civilizations etc. Bibliography Brown R. E. 1994. The Death of the Messiah: From Gethsemane to the Grave. New York: Doubleday, Anchor Bible Reference Library. Bruce F. F. , 1988. The Canon of Scripture. Intervarsity Press. Esposito, John. 2003. The Oxford Dictionary of Islam. Oxford University Press Grant, M. 1977. Jesus: An Historians Review of the Gospels. New York: Scribners. Shaye, J. D. and Cohen. 1999. The Beginnings of Jewishness: Boundaries, Varieties, Uncertainties, Berkeley: University of California Press.

Existing Global Institutions and their problems :: Essays Papers

Existing Global Institutions and their problems In an increasingly connected and interdependent world, global institutions play an important role in promoting stability and guiding developing countries towards becoming market economies. This process and the importance of this role was never more clear than during the 1990s. In Eastern Europe, a host of new countries appeared on the world map franticly began running towards capitalism and prosperity. The premier international institution, the International Monetary Fund, was given the difficult task of crediting emerging economies and providing the western know-how to build strong market economies. Alas, in many cases, it failed. Possibly, the most tragic example was that of Russia. Some argue that the fund had modest desings and was fundamentally uncapable of this great project. This essay will explore why the fund failed, how its decisions were made, and what must be done in an ideal institution that would be able to accomplish the task. Currently, or over the last decade, the fund was in a peculiar situation. It essentially gave loans to countries that were politically important to the west, such as Russia and Brazil, repeatedly bailing them out of crises which their poor policies led it to. The fund also prescribed certain reforms and policies that should improve the economy over the long tuerm. Unfortunately, these recommendations were all too often either incorrect, as in Asia, or were ignored altogether, as in Russia. The reason is the simple moral hazard. There was no real reason to comply and change inside, when a state knew that they will be given the loan anyway, for the west had political reasons such as the fear that the country will renounce democracy and the like. It is important to refute the illusion early on that the IMF was truly international or independent body. It was, and is massively underfunded ant the result is that its directors have to ask the US treasury department for funds, giving the bosses of the treasury such as Robert Rubin and Larry Summers immense influence over the fund's policies. Therefore, while the fund essentially promoted policies of the American government, or the "Washington concensus", it was often used as a scapegoat. Whenever something was wrong, such as a crisis precipitating due to poor and not peer-accepted recommendations, as was the case in Asia in 1998, few blamed the department of the Treasury of the Clinton administration. Problems were attributed to the fund, which is labeled as international, and to such mysterious and ill-understood phenomena such as globalization.

Liver cancer or ‘hepatocellular carcinoma’

Liver cancer or ‘hepatocellular carcinoma’ (or malignant hepatoma) is a malignant tumor that develops from the cells of the liver.   The tumor may develop from liver as the primary site, or from spread from other sites in the body (secondary cancer).   Primary cancer of the liver less frequently occurs compared to secondary cancer.   So far, in the year 2007, about 19, 000 new cases of liver cancer (both primary and secondary cancers) have developed in the year, and about 16, 800 patients have died from the disorder (NCI, 2007).   The type of treatment utilized and the outcome of the disorder depend on several factors including staging and spread of the cancer and the general health of the patient (and also other patient factors).If the disorder is detected and treated in the early stages, the outcome is usually better.   Some of the treatment methods recommended for liver cancer include surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, liver transplantation, etc.   As th e current treatment available is rather ineffective in treating liver cancers, it is necessary that newer modalities be developed to treat the condition that would be both safe and effective.   Some of the newer therapies that are being researched for liver cancers include chemotherapy, chemoembolization, immunotherapy and radiofrequency ablation (NCI, 2002).Chemoembolization is a procedure characterized by mechanically or surgically obstructing the blood supply to the liver and then administering chemotherapeutic agents into the cancerous site so as to destroy them.   As the level of chemotherapeutic agents is high at the site, they are more capable of destroying the tumor.   Besides, the risk of side-effects are less, as the chances of the drug spreading in the blood is minimal.   Chemoembolization is usually performed to treat liver cancers that cannot be treated by surgery.   However, those patients in whom the liver cancer was advanced, spread to other sites of the bo dy, or developed associated renal failure, were excluded from the study.   Out of 908 patients who were initially identified, 112 matched the criteria and were a part of the study.   The drug frequently utilized is doxorubicin.The initial results that were obtained through the study were promising.   At present, no option is currently available to treat liver cancer.   Liver transplantation may have a few limitations.   Previously arterial embolization was utilized to treat liver cancer, but the survival rates in such cases could not be determined.   In this trial, the 112 patients were divided into 3 groups, and one received arterial emobolization only, the other received chemoembolization (arterial embolization and chemotherapy) and the third received conservative treatment.   The results obtained through chemoembolization were amazing.   21 out of the 40 patients treated by this method died (survival rate was 47.5 %).On the other hand, 25 out of the 35 patients tr eated through conservative methods died (survival rate 29 %) and 25 out of 37 (survival rate 32.5 %) died from receiving treatment through arterial embolization.   However, the complete or long-term results could not be obtained through this trial, as the initial results demonstrated that chemoembolization results were very beneficial.   The one-year survival rate for chemoembolization was about 82 % and the two year survival rate was about 63 %.   The one-year survival rate for arterial embolization was 75 % and two-year survival rate was 50 %.   The one year survival rate for conservative treatment was 63 % and the two year survival rate was 27 % (NCI, 2002).Radiofrequency ablation is frequently utilized to treat liver cancers that cannot be treated by surgery or other methods.   In this technique, a specialized probe that emits certain waves, and generates heat in the tissues is utilized.   The probe generates heat, and the cancerous cells are destroyed.   This proc edure is usually conducted under anesthesia (NCI, 2002).Pancreas cancer or ‘islet-cell cancer’ is a malignant tumor that develops from the cells of the pancreas.   It is a rare form of cancer, and in the US, in 2007, about 37, 000 new cases of pancreas cancer has developed and about 33, 370 individuals died from the disorder (NCI, 2002).   Pancreatic cancer may be difficult to be diagnosed early and treated problem, as the pancreas is a tiny internal organ and usually the condition does not produce any signs or symptoms.   Presently, surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy are utilized to treat pancreatic cancer.   Immunotherapy is still undergoing research for its effectiveness and safety in treating pancreatic cancer.A clinical trial was performed to determine the effectiveness of treating pancreas cancer with gemcitabine and chemoradiation.   The effectiveness of 5-fluroracil (an chemotherapeutic agent) and radiotherapy was compared to gemcitabine, along wit h 5-fluroracil and radiotherapy.   One out of every five pancreatic tumors can be treated by surgery.   Besides, the outcome following surgery for pancreatic cancers is very poor. The tumor can recur, thus reducing the survival rates.   Presently, in the US, chemoradiation is frequently utilized along with surgery in treating pancreatic cancers.   5-Flurouracil is frequently utilized in the chemoradiation.   As the chances of recurrences are still high with this modality, researchers have suggesting a clinical trial in which an additional chemotherapeutic agent is utilized along with the standard therapy.Gemcitabine was the drug selected to be utilized along with 5-flurouracil and radiotherapy, following surgery.   The main aim of the study was to demonstrate an improved outcome or a better survival rate following use of this combination in treating pancreas cancer.   About 442 individuals were selected for this trial and were divided into 2 groups.   The individuals of both groups had undergo surgery to remove the tumor and had to also undergo chemoradiation later.   In the first group, gemcitabine was administered before and after the chemoradiation, whereas in the second group, 5-Flurouracil was administered before and after the surgery.   Tumors that developed from the head and the tail of the pancreas were included in the study.   Gemcitabine used to treat pancreatic head tumors along with chemoradiation was had a survival period of about20.6 months.On the other hand, about 16.9 months was the survival period of those who received 5-Flurouracil.   The there year survival rate in those who received gemcitabine was about 32 %, and the three year survival rate in those who received 5-Flurouracil was about 21 %.   However, the risk of side-effects was higher in individuals who received gemcitabine.   These cells tended to destroy the blood cells.   Supportive drugs seemed to be more beneficial in treating gemcitabine-induced depr ession in the blood cell counts.   The study demonstrated that gemcitabine was more effective in treating tumors arising from the head of the pancreas after surgery, than 5-Flurouracil (NCI, 2006).Another study was conducted to determine the beneficial effects of gemcitabine along surgery, and surgery alone.   The study population (consisting of 368 individuals) was divided into two groups, the first group was administered gemcitabine following surgery, and the second group was treated with surgery alone.   The study demonstrated that recurrence rates of the tumor treated with gemcitabine and surgery was much better than those treated by surgery itself.   Recurrence occurred after 13.4 months in those treated with gemcitabine and after 6.9 months in those treated with surgery alone (NCI, 2007).References:National Cancer Institute (2002), Liver Cancer – Introduction. Retrieved on April 14, 2006, from NCI Web site: https://www.cancer.gov/publications/patient-education/w yntk-liver-cancerNational Cancer Institute (2005), Islet cell cancer, Retrieved on April 14, 2006, from NCI Web site: https://www.cancer.gov/National Cancer Institute (2005), Pancreatic Cancer, Retrieved on April 14, 2006, from NCI Web site: https://www.cancer.gov/types/pancreaticNational Cancer Institute (2007), Liver Cancer Home Page. Retrieved on April 14, 2006, from NCI Web site: https://www.cancer.gov/types/liver

Social Learning Theory On Behavior Essay - 918 Words

Social Learning Theory is a perspective from psychology that was developed to understand the importance of observations and direct instructions that influence gender identity. Professor Susan Golombok at the University of Cambridge and psychology professor Robyn Fivush at Emory College of Art and Science defined Social Learning Theory as a way to study behaviors through differential reinforcement and modeling (Golombok and Fivush, 76). For decades, children were taught to follow specific standards when it comes to gender identity. Girls were encouraged to play with dolls while boys were reinforced to play with cars. Also, children observe adults such as their parents to comprehend and imitate behaviors; consequently, this creates gender stereotypes through differential reinforcement and modeling. Throughout this paper, readers will understand the influence of Social Learning Theory on behaviors and how differential reinforcement and modeling induce gender stereotype. 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